Water balance and hydrochemistry of precipitation components in forested eco- systems in the arid zone of Rajasthan, India

نویسنده

  • M. A. KHAN
چکیده

The water balance and hydrochemistry of precipitation components in Acacia tortilis and Chlorophospermum mopane forests in the arid zone of Rajasthan, India, were studied for four years (1993-1996). Rainfall and throughfall were measured for each rainfall event during the monsoon season (June-September) using an automatic raingauge and 96 graduated containers, respectively. Stemflow was measured around twelve trees in each forest type varying in diameter at breast height (dbh) from 28-96 cm in A. tortilis and 17-38 cm in C. mopane. Rainfall, throughfall and stemflow samples were collected for each rain event for chemical analysis. Weighted mean bulk precipitation was 423 mm. Interception was 21.77 and 12.72% in A. tortilis and C. mopane forests, respectively. In A. tortilis net precipitation was partitioned into throughfall (77.5%) and stemflow (0.73%), whereas, in C. mopane net precipitation was 87.61% of which, throughfall was 86.3% and stemflow was 1.31%. In only 3.8% of the rainfall periods recorded during this study, net precipitation was higher than bulk precipitation, suggesting direct input by horizontal precipitation is not an important water source for forest cover in this region. Nutrient inputs in bulk precipitation varied from 3.63 kg ha"' year ' of organic carbon to 37.63 kg ha ' year ' of chloride. In general, there was significantly greater deposition of total nutrients per unit area under large trees. Nutrient enrichment in throughfall relative to incident precipitation was higher for potassium than for other elements in both the forests. Between 12 and 56% of the total nutrient input to the soil was accounted for by the precipitation. Bilan hydrologique et hydrochimie des précipitations dans des écosystèmes forestier des régions arides du Rajastan (Inde) Résumé Le bilan hydrologique et la chimie des précipitations de forêts ^Acacia tortilis et de Chlorophospermum mopane de la région aide du Rajastan en Inde ont été étudiés pendant quatre ans (1993-1996). La pluie incidente (au dessus de la canopée) et la pluie nette (traversant la canopée) ont été mesurées pour chaque épisode pluvieux de la mousson (juin-septembre) grâce à un pluviographe automatique et à 96 pluviomètres gradués. L'écoulement le long des troncs a été mesuré pour 12 arbres de chaque forêt dont le diamètre à hauteur de poitrine allait de 29 à 96 cm dans la forêt à'A. tortilis et de 17 à 38 cm dans la forêt de C. mopane. Des échantillons de la pluie incidente, de la pluie nette et de l'écoulement le long des troncs de chaque épisode pluvieux ont recueillis et analysés. La précipitation incidente moyenne est égale à 423 mm. L'interception représente 21.77% dans la forêt à'A. tortilis et 12.72% dans la forêt de C. mopane. Dans la forêt d'A tortilis la précipitation nette se répartit entre précipitation proprement dite (77.5%) et écoulement le long des troncs (0.73%), alors que cette répartition est respectivement de 86.3 et 1,31 % dans la forêt de C. mopane. Durant seulement 3.8% de la durée des précipitations, la précipitation nette a été supérieure à la précipitation incidente, ce qui suggère que les apports directs par des précipitations horizontales ne constituent pas une source d'eau importante pour le couvert forestier dans cette région. L'apport de nutriments par les précipitations incidentes varie de 3.63 kg ha" an" pour le carbone organique à 37.63 kg ha"' an" pour les chlorures. En général l'apport de nutriments par unité de surface est significativement plus important sous les grands arbres. L'enrichissement en nutriments des précipitations ayant traversé la canopée s'est révélé plus important pour le potassium que pour les autre éléments dans les deux forêts. De 12 à 56% des apports de nutriments sont dus aux précipitations. Open for discussion until 1 October 1999

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تاریخ انتشار 1999